v256.0 · climate · ES · verified 2026-04
Spain climate profile
Climate profile for Spain — Köppen climate zones, seasonal temperature + rainfall, humidity, extreme weather, climate-change trajectory, air quality, best months for visiting + relocation, water security, and recent climate-policy changes.
Climate classification (Köppen)
Mediterranean (Csa, Csb) most of country · Oceanic (Cfb) Galicia/Asturias/Cantabria · Continental (BSk, Csa) interior · Semi-arid (BSk) Murcia/Almería · Subtropical Canary Islands
Temperature + rainfall by season
| Winter temperatures | Madrid: 6°C avg (-2 to 11°C) · Barcelona: 10°C (5-14°C) · Valencia: 12°C (7-17°C) · Seville: 12°C (5-17°C) · Bilbao: 9°C (5-13°C) · Canary Las Palmas: 18°C (15-22°C, mildest in Europe) |
| Summer temperatures | Madrid: 25°C avg (18-32°C, heatwaves 40°C+) · Barcelona: 24°C (21-29°C) · Valencia: 25°C (22-30°C) · Seville: 28°C (20-36°C, 45°C+ heatwaves) · Bilbao: 19°C (15-24°C) · Canary 24°C (year-round steady) |
| Annual rainfall | Madrid: 425 mm · Barcelona: 640 mm · Valencia: 450 mm · Seville: 540 mm · Bilbao: 1,200 mm · Almería: 200 mm (semi-arid) · Canary Las Palmas: 145 mm |
| Humidity | Atlantic north high (70-85%) · Mediterranean coast moderate (60-75%) · Interior dry (40-60%) · Canary trade-wind moderate |
Climate zones within the country
Atlantic north — wet, mild · Mediterranean east + south — hot summers, mild winters · Continental interior — extreme · Semi-arid southeast · Subtropical Canary Islands · Alpine Pyrenees
Extreme weather + risks
| Extreme weather events | Heatwaves intensifying (Seville 47°C+ historical) · DANA storms (Valencia DANA Oct 2024 — worst in decades, 200+ deaths, EUR 10B+) · Wildfire risk summer (Galicia, Andalusia, Catalonia) · Drought multi-year 2017-24 |
| Air quality | Mixed — Madrid + Barcelona PM2.5 ~12-15 µg/m³ (above WHO target) · Valencia/Seville moderate · Wildfire smoke episodes summer · Rural areas excellent |
| Water security | Stressed — multi-year drought 2017-24, mandatory restrictions Catalonia + Andalusia · Climate-change-driven decline projected · Desalination expanding (Murcia, Canarias) |
Climate change trajectory
Mediterranean Basin among world's most climate-vulnerable · Annual mean +1.7°C since 1900 · Projected +3-5°C by 2100 (worst-case) · Coastal erosion · Desertification central + south
Best months for visiting + relocation
| Best for visiting | Apr-Jun + Sep-Oct — warm, sunny, manageable crowds · Summer Jul-Aug peak tourism + extreme heat inland · Winter mild on Canaries + Andalusia coast |
| Best for relocation | Year-round; spring/autumn arrivals avoid summer heat + crowds |
Recent changes (2023-2026)
2024: Valencia DANA flooding Oct 2024 — worst natural disaster in decades · Catalonia drought emergency Feb 2024 lifted Apr 2025 with winter rains · Wildfire prevention strengthened · Climate-resilient building codes updated · National Energy + Climate Plan PNIEC
Source: official Spain meteorological agency · Last verified 2026-04
See also: Spain country profile · climate atlas