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Michigan = Detroit Three (GM + Ford + Stellantis) + tier-1 supplier ecosystem. IRA EV credits + USMCA 75% RVC reshaping sourcing across MI/OH/IN auto belt.
| Metric | Value |
|---|---|
| Vehicle production | ~2 million light vehicles/year |
| Engineering R&D HQs | GM Detroit, Ford Dearborn, Stellantis Auburn Hills |
| Tier-1 suppliers HQ | Magna NA, Lear, BorgWarner, Adient, Aptiv, Visteon, Cooper-Standard |
| EV battery investment (active) | ~$30B+ committed (Ultium Cells, BlueOval SK, GM-LG Energy) |
| Universities | Michigan (Ann Arbor), Michigan State, Wayne State, Oakland |
| IRA credits exposure | $7,500 30D + 45W commercial + 45X battery PTC |
| USMCA RVC | 75% (raised from 62.5%) — drives sourcing concentration |
| Top employers | GM, Ford, Stellantis, Magna, Lear, BorgWarner, Tesla MI ops, Toyota MI Tech |
GM Detroit (Renaissance Center HQ + Tech Center Warren), Ford Dearborn (HQ + Product Development), Stellantis Auburn Hills (NA HQ). Combined ~$80B annual R&D spend, ~50K engineers concentrated in metro Detroit.
Magna (Aurora, ON HQ + extensive MI presence), Lear (Southfield), BorgWarner (Auburn Hills), Adient (Plymouth), Aptiv (Troy + Boston), Visteon (Van Buren Twp). ~280 tier-1 suppliers in MI alone.
Ultium Cells (GM-LG Energy JV) — Lordstown OH + Spring Hill TN + Lansing MI. BlueOval SK (Ford-SK On JV) — Glendale KY + Stanton TN. GM-LG Energy expanded plants. PowerCo (VW) Tennessee. Plus Stellantis-Samsung SDI — StarPlus Energy Kokomo IN.
IRA $7,500 30D credit requires final assembly in NA + critical-mineral threshold + battery-component threshold. USMCA RVC 75%. Combined effect: massive North American sourcing pull. FEOC restrictions on Chinese inputs from 2025 onwards.
GM, Ford, Stellantis all have Indian engineering centres (Bengaluru). Tata Motors owns Jaguar Land Rover (UK) but US-Indian auto-component flow includes Bharat Forge → Detroit, Sundaram Fasteners → MI/OH OEMs, Motherson Sumi → tier-1 globally.
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